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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. E. SHALLOW. HYDROGARBON BURNER AND COMBINED SUPER-HEATER.

Patented May 28, 1889.

l f cal INYENTORI,

WITNESSES (No Modem 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. E. SHALLOW. EYDROGARBON BURNER AND COMBINED SUPERHEATER.

Patented May 28, 1889,

INVENTOR WITNESSES:

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

E. SHALLO'W. HYDROUARBON BURNER AND COMBINED SUPBRHEATER. No. 403,963. Patented May 28, 1889.

INVENTOR,

WlTNESSES (No Model.) 4 Sfieets-Sheet 4. E. SHALLOW.

HYDROGARBON BURNER AND COMBINED SUPERHEATER. No. 403.963. Patented May 28, 1889.

I FIG-7..

WITNESSES: INVENTOR N. Pzmwa Plmvuihognphor. wunin m a c.

UNITED ST TES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD SHALLOW, oE PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AsSIeNoE, nY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, To TIIE UNITED STATEs ms AND FUEL con PANY.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER AND COMBINED SUPERHEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 403,963, dated May 28, 1889.

Application filed October 13, 1888. Serial No. 287,990. (No model.)

To (tZZ 1072,0727, it HI/CLZ/ concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD SHALLOW, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Burners and Combined Superheaters, of which the following, taken in connection with the drawings hereto, is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of myinvention is to transmute liquid hydrocarbons into the most available condition for combustion and combining therewith elements in such manner and proportions as will superinduce the mechanical action and obtain as available all the heat units contained in the liquid element.

By experience I have learned that for an atomizing element steam is good so far as regards the completeness of the atomization of the liquid at the point of contact; but when the fact is taken into consideration that immediately after point of contact there is a considerable condensation of the steam, and, in addition, that in order to effect atomization the quantity of steam is necessarily large and such large volume detracts by absorption greatly from the quality of the fire as a heating agent, and also by its presence injures and blankets the fire, because the atomized oil being held in suspension in the large volume of uncondensed steam each atom or small particle of oil is Surrounded with its own atmosphere of water-vapor, and, in consequence, when fire is applied to the atomized mixture the air oxygen, as supporter of combustion, is only brought in contact with the exterior portion of the atomized mixture, the interior portion beinginaccessible because of the excess of water-vapor surrounding each particle of oil. Thus, as a result, is obtained a bright white envelope of fire surrounding a black interior, from which the valuable elements pass off unconsumed, being neither raised to the temperature of combustion nor supplied with oxygen to eifect mechanical combination; but such portions of the mixture as were supplied with atmospheric oxygen evolved great heat in their combustion with the presence of the small amount of steam on the exterior, because in the process of combustion a limited quantity of steam may be decomposed and its valuable heating constituent added to the heat of the lire. In the atomization of liquid hydrocarbon by means of compressed air the conditions we entirely changed. In this case each atom of oil is surrounded by the element necessary for its combustion,whence the whole of the oil is burned, and none of the valuable matter passes off unconsumed, atotal loss. Still, in using compressed air necessarily no value is received from the decomposition of steam, which of itself is obviously disadvantageous, and, moreover, the first cost of an air-compressor is so great as to render such a system almost entirely valueless in a practical and commercial form.

I11 my invention I have constructed an apparatus with a view of simplicity, durability, and cheapness, combining the valuable points of both systems sketched above and eliminating the detrimental effects of either.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 illustrates a vertical longitudinal elevation. Fig. 2 illustrates a vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 3 illustrates a front elevation. Figs. 4:, 5, and (3 illustrate details of construetion. Fig. 7 illustrates combined burner and .superheater in operation, attached to a horizontal tubular boiler, and is a vertical longitudinal view, part in section. Fig. 8 illustrates a modification in construction for the purpose of burning gaseous fuel.

Referring to the drawings, wherein corresponding parts are designated by the same letters of reference, A designates a casing, made of any suitable cast material, provided at its forward end with threaded connections, whereby is attached the superheater l3, and provided at the rear with the circular adjustable plate or register a, containing ports for the admission of air, said casing A also provided with suitable threaded connections for the air-pipe l and oil-pige N, as shown in Fig. 2.

l3 designates a super-heater attached, as described, to the casing A, and provided with superheating-coils C and D for air and steam, respectively, and is provided with a valved port, 1), whereby a lighted taper may be introduced to the interior of superheater for the purpose of initial ignition in the operation. l

b designates a tube connected to the superheater-shell B, inclining forward at an angle and communicating with the exterior atmosphere and the interior of the superheater and combustion-chamben G designates an inner casing supported at its forward end by legs or spiders g, and provided with suitable connections for the steampipc E and the operating-valve L.

II designates a perforated plate cast solid at bot-h ends, at its forward end fitting closely by ground joint within the casing G and containing a series of graduated nozzles and provided with suitable connections, with the operating-valve L, whereby the plate I-I may be reciprocated longitudinally.

l designates the port of the operatingvalve L.

K designates a series of graduated nozzles secured to the perforated plate H by means of suitable threaded connect-ions, and the outlet of each, except the last, extending within or to the inlet of the one immediately preceding, the diameter of the interior passage of each being smallerthan the diameter of the exterior passage of the nozzle immediately preceding, with the exception of the last nozzle, which terminates within the circular annular chamber 72, formed by the interior walls of the casing M.

g designates an inner air-pipe communicating with the air-pipe F and the interior of the casing G.

designates a lift-check valve.

It designates the last one of the series of graduated nozzles extending within the casing M, fitting so closely at itscntrance therein as to make a tight joint and extending to the circular opening m, with which the casing M is provided, the inner sides of the walls of which opening are so constructed as to form a seat for the forward end of nozzle it. Thus the size of the outlet from the chamber a to the circular opening on may be regulated by the movement of the nozzle in obedience to the operation of the valve L.

N designates an oil-pipe passing through the casing Ato within the casing M and communicating with the chamber at and a suitable oil-supply tank situated on a lower level.

WVhile I have described a particular means for supporting the graduated nozzles, it will be apparent to any mechanic that an equivalent thereto may be provided in the shape of spider frames, lugs, or projectionsin fact, any means whereby these nozzles are held in place in the order named. r

In operating my apparatus, the superheating-coil D being put in communication with the steam-dome of a boiler, the valve L being opened,the steam passes through the superheating-coil D into the steam-pipe E, through the port Z,into the firstone of the series of graduated nozzles. This small quantity of steam enteringinto the second oneofthe series of nozzles causes a vacuum at the inlet of said nozzle and draws thereto air through the superheating-coil G into the air-pipe F through the inner pipe, g, communicating within the casing G and in open communication with the series of graduated nozzles 'K(, and this air, mixing with the steam, has imparted to it a portion of the steams energy. Thus there issues from the outlet of this nozzle a mixture of air and steam, considerably increased in volume from the original volume of steam, containing the same amount of energy, with a slight decrease of pressure. This operation is repeated in each of the nozzles, the volume of air being constantly augmented and continually receivin g a transferred pressure, whence at the outlet of the nozzle 70 is obtained a mixture consisting, for the major part, of air, with a small and proper amount of steam, that may be readily decomposed in the process of combustion. This mixture, issuing from the 11ozzle 7t and through the circular annular open-.

ing 07?, causes a vacuum within the chambern and draws the oil through the oil-pipe N, communicating with the chamber at and a suitable oil-supply tank. Issuing through the circular annular opening the atomized material is ignited within the superheater attached. Practically, with a diameter of three thirtyseconds of an inch for the steam-outlet, a suction may be induced overcoming six and onehalf pounds pressure on the pipe g in Fig. 2, the diameter of which is three-eighths of an inch, and forming a mixture of the combined Volum es, exerting a pressure of twenty pounds at the outlet of the nozzle It, or, put on a different basis, steam-outlet three-thirty seconds of an inch in diameter superinduces an atomizing mixture of sufficientforce and volume to perfectly atomize eight and one-half gallons of oil per hour, creating a vacuum within chamber n sufficient to raise the oil four feet steam-pressure at boiler sixty pounds; specific gravity of oil, 35 Baum.

In order that all the elements might be at proper temperature to effect the most economical result, the apparatus is so devised that both air and steam are raised to a high and equal temperature before admixture, and on this account upon combining the two elements there is no condensation of the steam.

The form. of superheater that I prefer to use is in the form-of a hollow frustum of a cone with the base'of the frustum at the forward end. Encircling this, within the metal of the shell, are placed the superheating-coils. When the fire shall have been started within the superheater, the metal of the shell becomes visibly heated, and this heat is imparted to the superheating-coils by induction. By thus preventing direct contact of the coils with the fire the superheatin g device is rendered practically indestructible.

hen needed, air may be supplied to the fire through the ports of the adjustable plate a, and may also be supplied to the interior of the fire through the tubes 1), extending within the interior of the combustion-chamber.

By reason of the peculiar construction of the apparatus the regulated and perfect admixture of steamand heated air, the thorough commingling of the particles of oil with the very element necessary to complete its combustion, and by reason of the shape of the superheater, which of itself forms a mixing and combustion chamber, the fire produced is almost a non-luminant, burning with a bluish tinge and resembling what is commonly known as a Bunsen flame, acknowledged to be a tire both effieacious and economic.

I have found a modification of my apparatus of great value in the burning of gas, the capability of supplying the gas with a regulated amount of heated air being second in importan ee only to the benefits derived from impart ing a necessary energy or velocity to the flame, according to the quality of the work to be performed, and as an automatic device to draw to itself any desired volume of gas where artificial pressure may be low or the fiow rendered sluggish by long-distance piping.

I am aware that in the present state of the art a series of nozzles is not new, even that a series of graduated nozzles is old in tuyeres, as in Letters Patent No. 329,7 7 6, dated November 3, 1885, and many of the steam-injector patents; but I wish to call special attention to 'the fact that the construction of such would The construction is so arranged that the intense force or energy of a vapor is communicated or transferred to an entirely different gas or vapor of a much greater volume, which is itself in turn used as the at-omizing element of a liquid, and by special construction the non-condensation of the primal element is prevented. It is principally upon this intermediate step-viz., the transfer of energy to accomplish a specific objectthat the value of my invention is based, together with proper means for the utilization of the transferred energy, and, as mentioned before, the accomplishment of this would be impossible by present methods by virtue of this very difference in construction.

Vhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination of an outer casing, an inner casing provided with a series of graduated. nozzles and means for supplying air and steam thereto, a circular annular chamber having an exitorifice and surrounding the outer nozzle, and means for supplying oil thereto,substantially as described.

2. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination, with the casing having a series of graduated nozzles and means for supplying air and steam thereto, of a circular annular chamber having an exit-orifice and surrounding the outer nozzle, and means for supplying oil thereto, substantially as described.

7 3. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination of the casing provided with a perforated plate containing a series of graduated nozzles and means for supplying air and steam thereto, a circular annular chamber having an exit-orifice andsurrounding the outer nozzle, and means for supplying oil thereto, substantially as described 4. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination of an outer casing, an inner casing provided with a perforated plate containing a series of graduated nozzles and means for supplying air and steam thereto, a circular annular chamber having an exit-orifice and surrounding the outer nozzle, and means for supplying oil thereto, substantially as described.

5. In a hydroearbon-burner, the combination, with the inner casing having a perforated plate containing a series of graduated nozzles, of means for supplying air and steam thereto, a circular annular chamber having an exit-orifice and surrounding the outer nozzle, and means for supplying oil thereto, substantially as described.

6. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination of asuperheaterprovided with encircling superheatingcoils and means for supplying thereto the material to be superheated, an outer casing, an inner casing provided with a series of graduated nozzles and means for supplying air and steam thereto, a circular annular chamber having an exit-orifice and surrounding the outer nozzle, and means for supplying oil thereto, substantially as described.

7. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination of asuperheater provided with encircling superheating-coils and means for supplying thereto the material to be superheated, an outer casing, an inner casing provided with a perforated plate containing a series of graduated nozzles, means for supplying air and steam thereto, a circular annular chamber having an exit-orifice and surrounding the outer nozzle, and means for supplying oil thereto, substantially as described.

8. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination, with the casing having a perforated plate contain in g a series of graduated nozzles an d an annular oil-chamber connected thereto, as described, of the steam-supply pipe, and aregulating-valve connected to the perforated plate, whereby the flow of steam to the series of IIO nozzles and the oil-supply to the combustionchamber may be regulated, substantially as described.

9. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination,witl1 the outer casing, an inner casing having a perforated plate containing a series of graduated nozzles, and an annular oil-chamber connected thereto, as described, of the steam-supply pipe, a regulatingvalve con- 10 nected to the perforated plate, whereby the flow of steam to the series of graduated n0z-- zles and the oilsupply to the combustionchamber may be regulated, and an air-supply pipe communicating With the interior of the inner casing, substantially as described.

ED\VARD SHALLOWV.

Vitn esses:

G. K. CUMMINGS, H. D. HUGHES. 

